Spatial Accessibility Patterns to Public Hospitals in Shanghai: An Improved Gravity Model

The spatial distribution of public hospitals is a crucial factor in patient access and thus important to health equity, especially amid the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. In China, major issue improve accessibility care face limited space for further growth cities. Therefore, this study assesses current patterns Shanghai, using point density analysis comprehensively improved gravity model. results identify challenges inadequate imbalanced at district level show that central urban area has more high-quality resources also higher levels. Based on comparisons each district, summarizes four policy implications future hospital system optimization which can be leveraged planning other cities or service facilities. first deploy areas with large population introduce branches top-level noncentral areas. second full utilization community centers relieve burden accessibility.